Full Poincaré polarimetry enabled through physical inference

While polarization sensing is vital in many areas of research, with applications spanning from microscopy to aerospace, traditional approaches are limited by method-related error amplification, accumulation, and pre-processing steps, constraining the performance single-shot polarimetry. Here, we propose a measurement paradigm that circumvents these limitations, based on use universal full Poincaré generator map all analyzer states into single vectorially structured light field. All vector components analyzed shot, extracting vectorial state through inference physical model resulting image, providing single-step procedure. To demonstrate feasibility our approach, common graded index (GRIN) optic as mapping device show mean errors < 1 % for each component. Our work paves way next-generation polarimetry, impacting wide variety rely measurement.